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Compare Puerto Rico (2001) - Puerto Rico (2003)

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 Puerto Rico (2001)Puerto Rico (2003)
 Puerto RicoPuerto Rico
Administrative divisions none (commonwealth associated with the US); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 78 municipalities (municipios, singular - municipio) at the second order; Adjuntas, Aguada, Aguadilla, Aguas Buenas, Aibonito, Anasco, Arecibo, Arroyo, Barceloneta, Barranquitas, Bayamon, Cabo Rojo, Caguas, Camuy, Canovanas, Carolina, Catano, Cayey, Ceiba, Ciales, Cidra, Coamo, Comerio, Corozal, Culebra, Dorado, Fajardo, Florida, Guanica, Guayama, Guayanilla, Guaynabo, Gurabo, Hatillo, Hormigueros, Humacao, Isabela, Jayuya, Juana Diaz, Juncos, Lajas, Lares, Las Marias, Las Piedras, Loiza, Luquillo, Manati, Maricao, Maunabo, Mayaguez, Moca, Morovis, Naguabo, Naranjito, Orocovis, Patillas, Penuelas, Ponce, Quebradillas, Rincon, Rio Grande, Sabana Grande, Salinas, San German, San Juan, San Lorenzo, San Sebastian, Santa Isabel, Toa Alta, Toa Baja, Trujillo Alto, Utuado, Vega Alta, Vega Baja, Vieques, Villalba, Yabucoa, Yauco none (commonwealth associated with the US); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 78 municipalities (municipios, singular - municipio) at the second order; Adjuntas, Aguada, Aguadilla, Aguas Buenas, Aibonito, Anasco, Arecibo, Arroyo, Barceloneta, Barranquitas, Bayamon, Cabo Rojo, Caguas, Camuy, Canovanas, Carolina, Catano, Cayey, Ceiba, Ciales, Cidra, Coamo, Comerio, Corozal, Culebra, Dorado, Fajardo, Florida, Guanica, Guayama, Guayanilla, Guaynabo, Gurabo, Hatillo, Hormigueros, Humacao, Isabela, Jayuya, Juana Diaz, Juncos, Lajas, Lares, Las Marias, Las Piedras, Loiza, Luquillo, Manati, Maricao, Maunabo, Mayaguez, Moca, Morovis, Naguabo, Naranjito, Orocovis, Patillas, Penuelas, Ponce, Quebradillas, Rincon, Rio Grande, Sabana Grande, Salinas, San German, San Juan, San Lorenzo, San Sebastian, Santa Isabel, Toa Alta, Toa Baja, Trujillo Alto, Utuado, Vega Alta, Vega Baja, Vieques, Villalba, Yabucoa, Yauco
Age structure 0-14 years:
23.73% (male 478,441; female 455,800)

15-64 years:
65.72% (male 1,242,245; female 1,345,421)

65 years and over:
10.55% (male 177,083; female 238,326) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 22.9% (male 454,908; female 434,555)


15-64 years: 65.2% (male 1,212,764; female 1,322,356)


65 years and over: 11.9% (male 200,669; female 260,625) (2003 est.)
Agriculture - products sugarcane, coffee, pineapples, plantains, bananas; livestock products, chickens sugarcane, coffee, pineapples, plantains, bananas; livestock products, chickens
Airports 28 (2000 est.) 31 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways total:
19

over 3,047 m:
3

1,524 to 2,437 m:
3

914 to 1,523 m:
7

under 914 m:
6 (2000 est.)
total: 19


over 3,047 m: 3


1,524 to 2,437 m: 3


914 to 1,523 m: 8


under 914 m: 5 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
9

914 to 1,523 m:
2

under 914 m:
7 (2000 est.)
total: 12


914 to 1,523 m: 2


under 914 m: 10 (2002)
Area total:
9,104 sq km

land:
8,959 sq km

water:
145 sq km
total: 9,104 sq km


land: 8,959 sq km


water: 145 sq km
Area - comparative slightly less than three times the size of Rhode Island slightly less than three times the size of Rhode Island
Background Discovered by Columbus in 1493, the island was ceded by Spain to the US in 1898 following the Spanish-American War. A popularly elected governor has served since 1948. In plebiscites held in 1967 and 1993, voters chose to retain commonwealth status. Populated for centuries by aboriginal peoples, the island was claimed by the Spanish Crown in 1493 following Columbus' second voyage to the Americas. In 1898, after 400 years of colonial rule that saw the indigenous population nearly exterminated and African slave labor introduced, Puerto Rico was ceded to the US as a result of the Spanish-American War. Puerto Ricans were granted US citizenship in 1917 and popularly elected governors have served since 1948. In 1952, a constitution was enacted providing for internal self-government. In plebiscites held in 1967, 1993, and 1998 voters chose to retain commonwealth status.
Birth rate 15.26 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 15 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Budget revenues:
$6.7 billion

expenditures:
$9.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY99/00)
revenues: $6.7 billion


expenditures: $9.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY 99/00)
Capital San Juan San Juan
Climate tropical marine, mild; little seasonal temperature variation tropical marine, mild; little seasonal temperature variation
Coastline 501 km 501 km
Constitution ratified 3 March 1952; approved by US Congress 3 July 1952; effective 25 July 1952 ratified 3 March 1952; approved by US Congress 3 July 1952; effective 25 July 1952
Country name conventional long form:
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico

conventional short form:
Puerto Rico
conventional long form: Commonwealth of Puerto Rico


conventional short form: Puerto Rico
Currency US dollar (USD) US dollar (USD)
Death rate 7.77 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 7.68 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Debt - external $NA $NA
Dependency status commonwealth associated with the US commonwealth associated with the US
Diplomatic representation from the US none (commonwealth associated with the US) none (commonwealth associated with the US)
Diplomatic representation in the US none (commonwealth associated with the US) none (commonwealth associated with the US)
Disputes - international none none
Economic aid - recipient $NA $NA
Economy - overview Puerto Rico has one of the most dynamic economies in the Caribbean region. A diverse industrial sector has surpassed agriculture as the primary locus of economic activity and income. Encouraged by duty-free access to the US and by tax incentives, US firms have invested heavily in Puerto Rico since the 1950s. US minimum wage laws apply. Sugar production has lost out to dairy production and other livestock products as the main source of income in the agricultural sector. Tourism has traditionally been an important source of income, with estimated arrivals of nearly 5 million tourists in 1999. Prospects for 2001 are clouded by a probable slowing down in both the construction and tourist sectors and by increasing inflation, particularly in energy and food prices; estimated growth will be 2%. Puerto Rico has one of the most dynamic economies in the Caribbean region. A diverse industrial sector has far surpassed agriculture as the primary locus of economic activity and income. Encouraged by duty-free access to the US and by tax incentives, US firms have invested heavily in Puerto Rico since the 1950s. US minimum wage laws apply. Sugar production has lost out to dairy production and other livestock products as the main source of income in the agricultural sector. Tourism has traditionally been an important source of income, with estimated arrivals of nearly 5 million tourists in 1999. Growth fell off in 2001-02, largely due to the slowdown in the US economy.
Electricity - consumption 15.587 billion kWh (1999) 19.44 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production 16.76 billion kWh (1999) 20.9 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
98.45%

hydro:
1.55%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
fossil fuel: 99.2%


hydro: 0.8%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2001)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Caribbean Sea 0 m

highest point:
Cerro de Punta 1,338 m
lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m


highest point: Cerro de Punta 1,338 m
Environment - current issues erosion; occasional drought causing water shortages erosion; occasional drought causing water shortages
Ethnic groups white (mostly Spanish origin) 80.5%, black 8%, Amerindian 0.4%, Asian 0.2%, mixed and other 10.9% white (mostly Spanish origin) 80.5%, black 8%, Amerindian 0.4%, Asian 0.2%, mixed and other 10.9%
Exchange rates the US dollar is used the US dollar is used
Executive branch chief of state:
President George W. BUSH of the US (since 20 January 2001); Vice President Richard B. CHENEY (since 20 January 2001)

head of government:
Governor Sila M. CALDERON (since NA January 2001)

cabinet:
appointed by the governor with the consent of the legislature

elections:
US president and vice president elected on the same ticket for four-year terms; governor elected by popular vote for a four-year term; election last held 7 November 2000 (next to be held NA November 2004)

election results:
Sila M. CALDERON (PDP) elected governor; percent of vote - 48.8%
chief of state: President George W. BUSH of the US (since 20 January 2001); Vice President Richard B. CHENEY (since 20 January 2001)


head of government: Governor Sila M. CALDERON (since 2 January 2001)


cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the governor with the consent of the legislature


elections: US president and vice president elected on the same ticket for four-year terms; governor elected by popular vote for a four-year term; election last held 7 November 2000 (next to be held 2 November 2004)


election results: Sila M. CALDERON (PPD) elected governor; percent of vote - 48.6%


note: residents of Puerto Rico do not vote for US president and vice president
Exports $38.5 billion (f.o.b., 2000) NA (2001)
Exports - commodities pharmaceuticals, electronics, apparel, canned tuna, rum, beverage concentrates, medical equipment chemicals, electronics, apparel, canned tuna, rum, beverage concentrates, medical equipment
Exports - partners US 88% (2000) US 88.2%, UK 1.5%, Dominican Republic 1.4% (2001)
Fiscal year 1 July - 30 June 1 July - 30 June
Flag description five equal horizontal bands of red (top and bottom) alternating with white; a blue isosceles triangle based on the hoist side bears a large, white, five-pointed star in the center; design influenced by the US flag, but based on the Cuban flag five equal horizontal bands of red (top and bottom) alternating with white; a blue isosceles triangle based on the hoist side bears a large, white, five-pointed star in the center; design initially influenced by the US flag, but similar to the Cuban flag, with the colors of the bands and triangle reversed
GDP purchasing power parity - $39 billion (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $43.01 billion (2002 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
1%

industry:
45%

services:
54% (1999 est.)
agriculture: 1%


industry: 45%


services: 54% (1999 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $10,000 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $11,100 (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 2.8% (2000 est.) -0.2% (2002 est.)
Geographic coordinates 18 15 N, 66 30 W 18 15 N, 66 30 W
Geography - note important location along the Mona Passage - a key shipping lane to the Panama Canal; San Juan is one of the biggest and best natural harbors in the Caribbean; many small rivers and high central mountains ensure land is well watered; south coast relatively dry; fertile coastal plain belt in north important location along the Mona Passage - a key shipping lane to the Panama Canal; San Juan is one of the biggest and best natural harbors in the Caribbean; many small rivers and high central mountains ensure land is well watered; south coast relatively dry; fertile coastal plain belt in north
Highways total:
14,400 km

paved:
14,400 km

unpaved:
0 km (1996)
total: 14,400 km


paved: 14,400 km


unpaved: 0 km (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Imports $27 billion (c.i.f., 2000) NA (2001)
Imports - commodities chemicals, machinery and equipment, clothing, food, fish, petroleum products chemicals, machinery and equipment, clothing, food, fish, petroleum products
Imports - partners US 60% (2000) US 53.5%, Ireland 16.3%, Japan 4.5% (2001)
Independence none (commonwealth associated with the US) none (commonwealth associated with the US)
Industrial production growth rate NA% NA%
Industries pharmaceuticals, electronics, apparel, food products; tourism pharmaceuticals, electronics, apparel, food products; tourism
Infant mortality rate 9.51 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) total: 9.38 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 10.3 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 8.41 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 5.7% (2000 est.) 5% (2002 est.)
International organization participation Caricom (observer), ECLAC (associate), FAO (associate), ICFTU, Interpol (subbureau), IOC, WCL, WFTU, WHO (associate) Caricom (observer), ECLAC (associate), FAO (associate), ICFTU, Interpol (subbureau), IOC, WCL, WFTU, WHO (associate), WToO (associate)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 76 (2000) 76 (2000)
Irrigated land 390 sq km (1993 est.) 400 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court; Superior Courts; Municipal Courts (justices for all these courts appointed by the governor with the consent of the Senate) Supreme Court; Appellate Court; Court of First Instance composed of two sections: a Superior Court and a Municipal Court (justices for all these courts appointed by the governor with the consent of the Senate)
Labor force 1.3 million (2000) 1.3 million (2000)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 3%, industry 20%, services 77% (2000 est.) agriculture 3%, industry 20%, services 77% (2000 est.)
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land:
4%

permanent crops:
5%

permanent pastures:
26%

forests and woodland:
16%

other:
49% (1993 est.)
arable land: 3.72%


permanent crops: 5.07%


other: 91.21% (1998 est.)
Languages Spanish, English Spanish, English
Legal system based on Spanish civil code based on Spanish civil code and within the US Federal system of justice
Legislative branch bicameral Legislative Assembly consists of the Senate (28 seats; members are directly elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) and the House of Representatives (54 seats; members are directly elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections:
Senate - last held 7 November 2000 (next to be held NA November 2004); House of Representatives - last held 7 November 2000 (next to be held NA November 2004)

election results:
Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PNP 19, PPD 7, PIP 1, other 1; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PNP 30, PPD 20, PIP 1, other 3

note:
Puerto Rico elects one nonvoting representative to the US House of Representatives; elections last held 7 November 2000 (next to be held NA November 2004); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PPD 1 (Anibal ACEVEDO-VILA)
bicameral Legislative Assembly consists of the Senate (28 seats; members are directly elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) and the House of Representatives (51 seats; members are directly elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)


elections: Senate - last held 7 November 2000 (next to be held 2 November 2004); House of Representatives - last held 7 November 2000 (next to be held 2 November 2004)


election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PPD 19, PNP 8, PIP 1; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PPD 30, PNP 20, PIP 1


note: Puerto Rico elects, by popular vote, a resident commissioner to serve a four-year term as a nonvoting representative in the US House of Representatives; aside from not voting on the House floor, he enjoys all the rights of a member of Congress; elections last held 7 November 2000 (next to be held 2 November 2004); results - percent of vote by party - PPD 49.3%; seats by party - PPD 1; Anibal ACEVEDO-VILA elected resident commissioner
Life expectancy at birth total population:
75.76 years

male:
71.28 years

female:
80.48 years (2001 est.)
total population: 77.26 years


male: 73.27 years


female: 81.44 years (2003 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
89%

male:
90%

female:
88% (1980 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 93.8%


male: 93.7%


female: 94% (2001)
Location Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east of the Dominican Republic Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east of the Dominican Republic
Map references Central America and the Caribbean Central America and the Caribbean
Maritime claims exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine - total: 1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) 19,203 GRT/20,904 DWT


ships by type: container 1 (2002 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of the US defense is the responsibility of the US
Military branches paramilitary National Guard, Police Force no regular indigenous military forces; paramilitary National Guard, Police Force
National holiday US Independence Day, 4 July (1776) US Independence Day, 4 July (1776); Puerto Rico Constitution Day, 25 July (1952)
Nationality noun:
Puerto Rican(s) (US citizens)

adjective:
Puerto Rican
noun: Puerto Rican(s) (US citizens)


adjective: Puerto Rican
Natural hazards periodic droughts; hurricanes periodic droughts; hurricanes
Natural resources some copper and nickel; potential for onshore and offshore oil some copper and nickel; potential for onshore and offshore oil
Net migration rate -2.13 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) -1.54 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Political parties and leaders National Democratic Party [Celeste BENITEZ]; National Republican Party of Puerto Rico [Luis FERRE]; New Progressive Party or PNP [Pedro ROSSELLO]; Popular Democratic Party or PPD [Hector Luis ACEVEDO]; Puerto Rican Independence Party or PIP [Ruben BERRIOS Martinez] National Democratic Party [Celeste BENITEZ]; National Republican Party of Puerto Rico [Luis FERRE]; New Progressive Party or PNP (pro-US statehood) [Carlos PESQUERA]; Popular Democratic Party or PPD (pro-commonwealth) [Sila M. CALDERON]; Puerto Rican Independence Party or PIP (pro-independence) [Ruben BERRIOS Martinez]
Political pressure groups and leaders Armed Forces for National Liberation or FALN; Armed Forces of Popular Resistance; Boricua Popular Army (also known as the Macheteros); Volunteers of the Puerto Rican Revolution Armed Forces for National Liberation or FALN; Armed Forces of Popular Resistance; Boricua Popular Army (also known as the Macheteros); Volunteers of the Puerto Rican Revolution
Population 3,937,316 (July 2001 est.) 3,885,877 (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% NA%
Population growth rate 0.54% (2001 est.) 0.58% (2003 est.)
Ports and harbors Guanica, Guayanilla, Guayama, Playa de Ponce, San Juan Aguadilla, Arecibo, Fajardo, Guanica, Guayanilla, Guayama, Mayaguez, Playa de Ponce, San Juan
Radio broadcast stations AM 72, FM 17, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 72, FM 17, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios 2.7 million (1997) -
Railways total:
96 km

narrow gauge:
96 km 1.000-m gauge, rural, narrow-gauge system for hauling sugarcane; no passenger service
total: 96 km


narrow gauge: 96 km 1.000-m gauge (2002)
Religions Roman Catholic 85%, Protestant and other 15% Roman Catholic 85%, Protestant and other 15%
Sex ratio at birth:
1.06 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.05 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.92 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.74 male(s)/female

total population:
0.93 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female


total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal; indigenous inhabitants are US citizens but do not vote in US presidential elections 18 years of age; universal; indigenous inhabitants are US citizens but do not vote in US presidential elections
Telephone system general assessment:
modern system, integrated with that of the US by high-capacity submarine cable and Intelsat with high-speed data capability

domestic:
digital telephone system; cellular telephone service

international:
satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat; submarine cable to US
general assessment: modern system, integrated with that of the US by high-capacity submarine cable and Intelsat with high-speed data capability


domestic: digital telephone system; cellular telephone service


international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat; submarine cable to US
Telephones - main lines in use 1.322 million (1997) 1.322 million (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular 169,265 (1996) 169,265 (1996)
Television broadcast stations 18 (plus three stations of the US Armed Forces Radio and Television Service) (1997) 18 (plus three stations of the US Armed Forces Radio and Television Service) (1997)
Terrain mostly mountains, with coastal plain belt in north; mountains precipitous to sea on west coast; sandy beaches along most coastal areas mostly mountains, with coastal plain belt in north; mountains precipitous to sea on west coast; sandy beaches along most coastal areas
Total fertility rate 1.9 children born/woman (2001 est.) 2.02 children born/woman (2003 est.)
Unemployment rate 9.5% (2000) 12% (2002)
Waterways none none
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